HEALTH_HOSPITAL_STATS-2018-EN-130520.pdf

• Nurses employed in the public sector (OKYpY)3,387 → 3,462 · New periodsource
• Nurses employed in the public sector (OKYpY)3,462 → 3,477 · New periodsource

Each figure is read twice, separately, and kept only when both readings agree and the number appears word for word in the text.

• Indicatoronly pass B found this figureWaiting
• Indicatoronly pass B found this figureWaiting
• Nurses employed in the public sector (OKYpY)only pass B found this figureWaiting

 
 
REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS 
STATISTICAL SERVICE 
MINISTRY OF FINANCE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HEALTH AND HOSPITAL STATISTICS 
2018 
 
 
 
 
 
 


2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ISSN:  2672-7943 (online) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
©Copyright:  2020 Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία/Republic of Cyprus 
Αναδημοσίευση επιτρέπεται με την προϋπόθεση ότι θ’ αναφέρεται η πηγή. 
Quotations are permitted on the condition that the source is stated. 
 
 
 


3 
 
CONTENTS 
Preface ………………………………………………………………………… 4 
1.    GENERAL………………………………………………………………. 
5 
       1.1 Coverage ………………………………………………………..……. 
5 
2.    SUMMARY OF MAIN RESULTS….………………………………… 
5 
       2.1 In-patients (Discharges) ……………………………………………… 
5 
       2.2 Surgical operations ………………………………………………...…. 9 
       2.3 Out-patient attendances ………………………………………………. 10 
       2.4 Hospital beds …………...…………………………………………….. 12 
       2.5 Personnel …...………………………………………………………… 12 
 
2.5.1 Medical personnel ……………..……………………………….. 12 
 
2.5.2 Nursing personnel ………...……………………………………. 12 
       2.6 Health care expenditure ……………………………………………… 
13 
 
2.6.1 Total and current health care expenditure …………….……….. 
13 
 
2.6.2 Financing schemes ……………………………………………... 14 
 
2.6.3 Health care functions …………………...……………………… 
14 
 
2.6.4 Health care providers ………………..…………………………. 14 
       2.7 Deaths by cause of death …………………………………………..… 
14 
3.    DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED……..……….……………………. 
15 
4.    SOURCES OF DATA………………...………………………………… 
15 
5.    CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS USED ……………………………….. 
17 
6.    EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS……………………………………… 
17 
7.    DETAILED TABLES …………………………………………………... 18 
 
 
 


4 
 
PREFACE 
 
The “Health and Hospital Statistics” report is published annually since 1980 and its aim is to 
provide basic information regarding medical services offered by the public sector and an 
overview of the general level of health and morbidity in Cyprus. 
 
The report, inter alia, provides data on in-patients (discharges), surgical operations, out-patient 
attendances, bed occupancy rates, information on medical, nursing and para-medical personnel, 
health indicators, as well as comparative data on previous years. 
 
Due to lack of detailed data for the private sector, the data presented mainly refer to the public 
health services. The only data available for the private sector refer to the number of doctors, 
dentists, nurses, clinics, beds, as well as the number of discharges, bed days, etc. 
 
The report was prepared by Ms. E. Kyriacou and Ms. N. Petrou, under the supervision of Ms. K. 
Onisiforou, Head of the Division of Demography, Social Statistics and Tourism. 
 
Sincere thanks are expressed to all Services of the Ministry of Health and to all persons who 
provided assistance for the collection and submission of the information necessary for the 
preparation of this report. 
 
 
 
 
 
Stavros Karagiorgis 
Director 
Statistical Service 
 
 
May, 2020 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


5 
 
HEALTH AND HOSPITAL STATISTICS 2018 
 
1. 
GENERAL 
1.1 Coverage 
Medical care in Cyprus is provided through the public and private health services. Most of the 
data in this report refer to the public sector only, due to lack of detailed information for the private 
sector. 
The data presented cover the Government controlled area and refer to in-patients treated and 
discharged from the general and rural hospitals, surgical operations performed on in-patients and 
out-patients, out-patient attendances at the general hospitals, special hospitals, rural hospitals and 
health centres, bed occupancy rates, paramedical services, various health indicators, expenditure 
on health services, causes of death and health personnel. 
As in previous years, the analysis by diagnosis on data for 2018 was based on in-patient cases 
(discharges) reported to the Statistical Service of Cyprus from the IT unit of the Ministry of 
Health. 
 
2. 
SUMMARY OF MAIN RESULTS 
2.1 In-patients (Discharges) 
During 2018, 83.937 patients were treated and discharged from the general hospitals, compared to 
81.988 in 2017, recording an increase of 2,4%.  In addition, 1.386 patients were treated and 
discharged from Kyperounta and Polis Rural Hospitals in 2018 compared to 1.556 in 2017, 
recording a decrease of 10,9%.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


6 
 
TABLE Ι. Patients discharged by hospital, 2016-2018 
 
Lefkosia, Ammochostos, Lemesos (Kyperounta Rural Hospital included) and Paphos (Polis Rural 
Hospital included) hospitals had a larger percentage of in-patients compared to their respective 
district population which was 39,0% for Lefkosia, 5,5% for Ammochostos, 28,0% for Lemesos 
and 10,7% for Paphos District. Only Larnaka General Hospital Makarios III had a smaller 
percentage of in-patients than their respective population which was 16,8%. 
As far as general hospitals are concerned, in 2018, 31,9% of the patients were treated and 
discharged from Lefkosia General Hospital, 13,0% from Archbishop Makarios III Lefkosia, 
11,1% from Larnaka General Hospital Makarios III, 5,8% from Ammochostos General Hospital, 
27,6% from Lemesos General Hospital and 10,6% from Pafos General Hospital. Kyperounta and 
Polis Rural Hospitals accounted for 1,6% of the patients treated and discharged.  
 
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
T
h
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
FIGURE  1.  Patients discharged by hospital, 1980-2018
Pafos General
Lemesos General
Ammochostos General 
Larnaka General Makarios III
Arch. Makarios III Lefkosia
Lefkosia General


7 
 
In general hospitals, the General Surgery Department had the largest share in the number of 
patients treated with 14,4%, followed by the Internal Medicine with 12,6%, the Paediatric with 
11,4%, the Gynaecology-Obstetrics with 9,7%, the Orthopaedic with 8,1%, the Haematology with 
8,0%, the Cardiology with 6,1%, the Pneumonology with 4,2% and various other 25,5%. 
The bed occupancy rate in 2018 for Lefkosia General Hospital was 87,1%, for Archbishop 
Makarios III Lefkosia it was 65,4%, for Larnaka General Hospital Makarios III it was 66,8%, for 
Ammochostos General Hospital it was 71,8%, for Lemesos General Hospital 83,9% and for Pafos 
General Hospital 83,8%.The bed occupancy rate in 2018 for Kyperounta Rural Hospital was 
51,9% whereas for Polis Rural Hospital the rate was 42,6%. 
The average length of stay of patients discharged from all general hospitals was 4,7 days, while in 
2017 was 4,6 days. Patients at Lefkosia General Hospital stayed on average longer, 5,5 days 
followed by Archbishop Makarios III Hospital Lefkosia and Pafos General Hospital with 4,4 
days, at Lemesos General Hospital 4,3 days, Larnaka General Hospital Makarios III with 4,2 days 
and Ammochostos General Hospital with 4,0 days. The average length of stay of patients at rural 
hospitals was 6,7 days, whereas in 2017 it was 6,2 days. 
TABLE ΙΙ. Bed occupancy rates and average length of stay by hospital, 2016-2018 
 
The age-groups of 55 years and over as well as the patients under 1 year old recorded the highest 
average length of stay in general hospitals. With regard to diseases, the longest duration of stay in 
hospitals occurred for diseases referring to the perinatal period, as well as for diseases referring to 
mental and behavioral disorders (14,1 and 12,2 days respectively), diseases of the circulatory 
system (6,3 days), diseases of the nervous system (6,2 days) and injuries, poisoning and certain 
other consequences of external causes (5,6 days). 
Of the patients discharged from general and rural hospitals 59,8% stayed in hospitals up to 3 days, 
24,1% for 4-7 days, 10,5% for 8-14 days, 4,1% for 15-30 days and 1,5% for 31 days or more. 


8 
 
Neoplasms have the highest share, 13,4% of the patients discharged from general hospitals, 
followed by injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes with 10,3%, 
diseases of the circulatory system with 9,6%, diseases of the digestive system with 9,2% and  
diseases of the respiratory system with 8,1%. All other disease categories account for the 
remaining 44,2%, whereas “Not stated” accounts for 5,2%. 
TABLE IΙΙ. Percentage of patients discharged from general hospitals by selected disease category, 2016-2018 
 
From the patients treated in general hospitals, 52,9% were males and 47,1% females. 
Certain diseases, such as infectious and parasitic diseases occur mostly among young persons, 
while other diseases such as neoplasms, diseases of the eye and adnexa and diseases of the 
circulatory system occur among older persons. Diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the 
respiratory system and injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, are 
more or less equally distributed among the various age-groups. 
The highest mortality was recorded among patients aged 65 and over. 
 
 
 
 
 


9 
 
2.2 Surgical operations 
During 2018, 34.364 surgical operations were performed at all general hospitals on in-patients 
and out-patients compared to 33.214 in 2017, recording an increase of 3,5%. 
TABLE IV. Surgical operations by hospital, 2016-2018 
 
 
Lefkosia General Hospital had the largest share with 26,6% of the surgical operations, followed 
by Archibishop Makarios III Lefkosia with 23,9%, Lemesos General Hospital with 18,2%, 
Larnaca General Makarios III with 14,6%, Pafos General Hospital with 12,3% and Ammochostos 
General Hospital with 4,4%. 
 
TABLE V. Percentage of surgical operations performed on in-patients and out-patients at general hospitals by 
speciality, 2016-2018 
 
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
TOTAL
29.891
100,0
33.214
100,0
34.364
100,0
Lefkosia General
8.316
27,8
8.480
25,5
9.147
26,6
Archb.Makarios III Lefkosia
6.752
22,6
7.722
23,2
8.226
23,9
Larnaka General Makarios III
5.017
16,8
5.235
15,8
5.018
14,6
Ammochostos General
1.447
4,8
1.635
4,9
1.493
4,4
Lemesos General
5.892
19,7
6.405
19,3
6.246
18,2
Pafos General
2.467
8,3
3.737
11,3
4.234
12,3
Hospital
2016
2017
2018


10 
 
General surgery has the largest share in operations accounting for 26,8% of the surgical 
operations performed on in-patients and out-patients, followed by ophthalmology with 18,6%, 
orthopaedics with 15,1%, gynaecology and obstetrics with 12,2% and urology operations with 
10,3%. All other specialities accounted for the remaining 17,0%. 
 
2.3 Out-patient attendances 
During 2018 a total of 1.797.545 out-patient attendances were recorded at the various hospitals 
and health centres, compared with 1.800.016 in 2017, recording a slight decrease of 0,1%. Out-
patient attendances at the general hospitals accounted for 51,3%, rural hospitals 2,9% and health 
centres 45,8%. 
Among general hospitals, Lefkosia General Hospital recorded the largest share of out-patient 
attendances accounting for 26,1%, followed by Pafos General Hospital with 21,3%, Lemesos 
General Hospital with 19,1%, Archbishop Makarios III Hospital Lefkosia with 12,5%, Larnaka 
General Hospital Makarios III with 11,7% and Ammochostos General Hospital with 9,3%.  
Hospitals and health centres of Nicosia, Ammochostos and Paphos accounted for a larger share of 
out-patient attendances than the proportion of population within the corresponding districts which 
was 39,0%, 5,5% and 10,7% respectively. On the other hand, hospitals and health centres of 
Larnaka and Limassol, had a smaller percentage of out-patient attendances than their respective 
population shares which were 16,8% and 28,0% respectively. 
 
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
T
h
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
Pafos
Lemesos
Larnaka
Ammochostos
Lefkosia
FIGURE 2. Out-patient attendances by district, 1980-2018
(All government medical institutions)


11 
 
With regards to speciality, from the out-patient attendances in general and rural hospitals, a share 
of 15,1% refers to General Medicine, 10,5% to Internal Medicine, 8,8% to Paediatrics, 8,5% to 
Cardiology, 8,1% to Gynaecology-Obstetrics, 7,6% to Orthopaedics, whereas the remaining of 
41,4% to other specialities. 
TABLE VI. Percentage of out-patient attendances in general and rural hospitals by speciality, 2016-2018 
 
Of the total number of out-patient attendances in hospitals and health centres 48,7% were persons 
aged 65 and over, 27,5% aged 45-64, 17,8% 15-44 years of age and 6,0% were under 15 years of 
age.  
Attendances of female patients in the out-patient departments of general and rural hospitals 
outnumbered males with shares of 54,1% compared to 45,9%. These percentages differ depending 
on the speciality. For example, more men with a percentage of 61,5% visited the cardiology  
department, compared to the respective percentage of women which was 38,5%. In other 
specialities, the attendances of female patients outnumbered those of males. 
 
53,9
45,3
61,5
44,5
42,0
46,1
54,7
38,5
55,5
58,0
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Paediatrics
Internal 
medicine
Cardiology
General 
medicine
Orthopaedics
Males
Females
FIGURE 3. Percentage of out-patient attendances in general and rural hopsitals by sex
(selected specialities), 2018


12 
 
During 2018 a total of 269.620 patients visited the Casualty Departments of the general hospitals, 
as compared to 277.394 in 2017, recording a decrease of 2,8%.  
Lefkosia General Hospital recorded the largest number of casualty attendances accounting for 
28,7%, followed by Lemesos General Hospital with 23,5%, Larnaka General Makarios III with 
19,4%, Pafos General Hospital with 16,9% and Ammochostos General Hospital with 11,5%. 
Dental attendances during 2018 totalled 102.784, as compared to 106.367 in 2017. These figures 
include data for the mobile dental unit. 
 
2.4 Hospital beds 
In 2018 hospital beds totalled 2.909. A number of 1.511 beds were operating in the public sector 
(of which 1.353 in the general hospitals, 51 in rural hospitals and 107 in the Mental Health 
Hospital) and 1.398 in the private sector. These figures do not include beds of the Casualty 
Departments, Dialysis Units and Thalassaemia.   
The number of persons per hospital bed was estimated at 299 in 2018, while in 2017 at 290.  The 
number of hospital beds per nurse remained stable at 0,6 in 2017 and 2018. 
 
 
2.5 Personnel 
2.5.1 Medical personnel 
There were 3.557 doctors in 2018 as compared to 3.338 in 2017. The public sector numbered 993 
doctors of various specialities and the private sector 2.564, i.e. 27,9% and 72,1% respectively. 
The number of persons per doctor was 245 in 2018 and 258 in 2017. 
Dentists increased from 928 in 2017 to 965 in 2018. The public sector employed 41 dentists and 
the private sector 924. The number of persons per dentist was 902 in 2018 compared to 927 in 
2017. 
2.5.2 Nursing personnel 
During 2018, 3.462 nurses of various grades were employed in the public sector and 1.408 in the 
private sector, compared to 3.387 and 1.344 respectively in 2017. The number of persons per 
nurse was 184 in 2018, while in 2017 it was 187. 
 


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2.6 Health care expenditure 
The analysis of health care expenditure is based on the methodology proposed by Eurostat and 
specifically on the manual of the System of Health Accounts (SHA2011). The figures on current 
health care expenditure refer to year 2018 and are provisional. The total health care expenditure is 
the summation of current health care expenditure and capital formation. Due to the fact that, by 
the time of preparing this report the capital formation for year 2018 was not available, the total 
health care expenditure refers to year 2017. 
 
2.6.1 Total and current health care expenditure 
 
 
The current health care expenditure (not including capital formation) for 2018 is estimated at 
€1.430,98 mn of which €615,21 mn correspond to expenditure of the public sector and €815,77 
mn of the private sector. The share of current expenditure on health as a percentage of the gross 
domestic product (GDP) for year 2018 is 6,8%, while in 2017 was 6,7%. 
 
It should be noted that current health care expenditure in Cyprus as a percentage of GDP ranks 
among the lowest in the EU. 
 
As it has already been mentioned, the total health care expenditure for 2018 is not available yet. 
Total health care expenditure for 2017 is estimated at €1.381,33 mn of which €572,68 mn 
represent expenditure of the public sector and €808,65 mn of the private sector. The share of total 
expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP for year 2017 is 6,9%, while in 2016 was 7,0%. 
583,70
610,98
590,54
576,03
521,62
513,62
529,93
558,38
615,21
681,38
666,17
683,75
673,75
690,19
721,02
759,89
791,95
815,77
1.265,08
1.277,15
1.274,29
1.249,78
1.211,81
1.234,64
1.289,82
1.350,33
1.430,98
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Public sector
Private sector
Total
FIGURE 4.  Current health care expenditure by sector, 2010-2018
€ mn 


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2.6.2 Financing schemes 
 
In 2018, 43,0% of current health care expenditure was channelled through government spending. 
Household out-of-pocket payments were the largest source of funding in the system presenting a 
percentage of 44,6%, whereas voluntary schemes represented 12,4% (voluntary health insurance 
schemes and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) financing schemes). 
 
2.6.3 Health care functions 
 
In 2018, 62,0% of the current health care expenditure was spent for curative and rehabilitative 
care, 19,8% for medical goods (pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances and other medical durable 
goods), 10,8% for ancillary services (medical and diagnostic laboratories), 3,7% for long term 
care, 2,4% for the governance and health system and financing administration and 1,3% for 
preventive care. 
2.6.4 Health care providers 
 
As regards the health care providers, a share of 45,9% of the current health care expenditure refers 
to hospitals, 25,0% to ambulatory health care (includes home health care services), 16,0% to 
retailers and other providers of medical goods, 6,9% to providers of ancillary services (medical 
and diagnostic laboratories), 2,4% to providers of health care system administration and 
financing, 2,0% to providers abroad, 1,3% to residential long-term care facilities, and the rest of 
0,5% to providers of preventive care. 
 
2.7 Deaths by cause of death 
In 2018, 5.963 deaths have been recorded, including all deaths of residents, as well as non-
residents dying in Cyprus. A percentage of 52,9% of total deaths (3.157 deaths) refers to men, 
whereas 47,1% (2.806 deaths) refers to women. The main causes of death were diseases of the 
circulatory system (29,9%), neoplasms (24,9%), diseases of the respiratory system (9,0%), 
endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (7,0%), as well as external causes of injury and 
poisoning (6,0%). Other causes of death follow with lower frequencies. 
 
 
 
 


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3. 
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED 
In-patient: Is a person who has been through the full admission procedure in one of the 
general/rural hospitals and for whom a “Patient´s File” has been prepared and remained at the 
hospital for treatment for at least one night or admitted and discharged at the same day. Up to 
2010, an infant born in hospital was not counted as a separate in-patient, unless treated as a 
“Special Care Baby”.  From 2011 onwards, such cases are included only for Ammochostos 
General Hospital. 
Discharge: Is the conclusion of a period of in-patient care, irrespective of whether the patient 
returned home, was sent to another hospital, left the hospital without medical advice or died. 
Surgical operation: Is any therapeutic or major diagnostic procedure which involves the use of 
instruments or the manipulation of part of the body and generally takes place under operating 
theatre conditions. 
Out-patient attendance: Is the visit of the patient to an out-patient department. 
Bed-occupancy rate: It represents bed days in a given year expressed as a percentage of the total 
bed days which would have been obtained, assuming that all beds were occupied during the given 
year. 
 
4. 
SOURCES OF DATA 
This report is based on data collected from the general hospitals, special hospitals, rural hospitals 
and the health centres of the public sector. 
4.1 In-patients (Discharges) 
Data on patients who are admitted for treatment and discharged from the government hospitals 
(discharges) are collected in electronic form from all the hospitals. Micro databases are forwarded 
to the Statistical Service and the compilation, tabulation and analysis of data are performed by 
Statistics Officers. 
It should be noted that data relates to hospital discharges and not to individual patients. This 
means that a single patient may therefore account for more than one discharge during the year. 
From 2011 onwards, the coding of diseases is performed by nurses at the various hospitals.  Prior 
to 2011, the coding of diseases was performed by personnel of the Statistical Service of Cyprus.  
 


16 
 
The following should be noted: 
 For each discharge, only the department from which the patient was discharged is taken into 
account; other departments in which the patient may have stayed during the hospitalization are 
not reported. 
 All bed days are assigned to the department from which the patient was discharged, 
irrespective of whether during hospitalization the patient stayed in other departments as well. 
 The analysis of the data is based solely on the diagnosis at discharge of the patient. 
 Included are all discharges performed during the reference year. 
 For each discharge, the total number of bed days is taken into account, irrespective of whether 
some of them may refer to a previous year. 
 The leave days, i.e. if a patient leaves the hospital for a few days but the bed is reserved, e.g. 
goes home for the weekend and returns back on Monday, are included in the number of bed 
days. 
 The healthy newborns hospitalized in Ammochostos General Hospital are included in the in-
patient discharges (such cases are not reported by other hospitals).  
4.2 Surgical operations 
As regards surgical operations, tables C1-C2 present the total number of operations performed on 
in-patients and out-patients by speciality, as obtained from the summary tables sent by hospitals. 
At a later stage, additional tables will be published, presenting selected surgical procedures, as 
obtained from the codification performed from hospitals, based on the international classification 
ICD9-CM.  
4.3 Out-patient attendances  
From 2010 onwards, the data on out-patient attendances in general and rural hospitals are sent to 
the Statistical Service of Cyprus for further processing and analysis in electronic form. Therefore, 
for the first time in 2010, the statistics are not based on a sample but on the total out-patient 
attendances in general and rural hospitals. Problematic records, i.e males visiting gynaecology 
departments or adults visiting paediatric departments etc., have only been taken into account for 
weighting cases to the total. 
As regards the health centres (H.C), the total number of out-patient visits as reported by all health 
centres has been distributed by speciality, sex and age according to the percentage distribution 
obtained from the electronic data extracted from the IT systems. The following health centres own 
an IT system: H.C Aglantzia, Lakatamia, Egkomi, Kaimakli, Strovolos, AgiosDometios, Klirou, 
Palaichori, Anthoupoli, Latsia, Tseri, Avgorou, Ormideia, Kofinou, Larnaka Old Hospital, 
Linopetra and Limassol Old Hospital. 
 


17 
 
5. 
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS USED 
5.1 Diseases 
Data on the diseases (diagnosis) for in-patients and out-patients are coded according to the 
International Statistical Classification and Related Health Problems of the World Health 
Organization (Tenth Revision, ICD-10) at the three-character categories. Statistics are tabulated 
according to the 21 Chapters and the tabulation list for morbidity (298 diseases).  
5.2 Surgical operations 
Surgical operations are coded according to the International Classification of Procedures, Clinical 
Modification, of the World Health Organization (ICD9-CM). Statistics are tabulated according to 
the surgical procedures shortlist, as suggested by Eurostat. 
 
6. 
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS 
n.a. 
 
Not applicable 
... 
 
Data not available 
0 
 
Zero or less than half of the unit 
(000’s)       Thousands 
€(mn)  
Million euro 
incl. 
 
Including 
cont’d.       Continued 
p                Provisional, preliminary data  
e                Estimate 
r                Revised data 
b               Break in time series 
 
 
 
 
 
 


18 
 
7. 
DETAILED TABLES 
The complete set of detailed tables referring to Health and Hospital Statistics 2017are available in 
the relevant Excel files in the sections presented below, at the website of the Statistical Service, at 
the following link: 
http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_23main_en/populationcon
dition_23main_en?OpenForm&sub=3&sel=2 
Α. Summary Tables 
Β. In-patients 
C. Surgical Operations 
D. Out-patient attendances 
Ε. Paramedical, Maternal and Child Health Services 
F. Health Personnel 
G. Health Care Expenditure 
Η. Deaths by cause of death